Background: Intervertebral disc degeneration (IVDD) is a major cause of chronic low back pain. The inflammatory environment and nucleus pulposus cells (NPCs) senescence within intervertebral disc (IVD) are critical course of IVDD. Plastrum testudinis extract (PTE) has been proven to have anti-inflammatory qualities, however it is unknown whether it can impact the progression of IVDD and NPCs senescence. Methods: We investigated the effects of PTE on senescence NPCs caused by tert-butyl hydrogen peroxide (TBHP) in vitro. Cell viability, SASP, inflammatory factors, and extracellular matrix (ECM) were assessed. The NF-κB pathway was activated using Lipopolysaccharide to explore underlying mechanisms. In vivo studies used senile mouse with IVDD, evaluating disc structure and inflammatory factors after PTE treatment. Results: TBHP stimulation induced rapid NPCs senescence, increased inflammatory factors, and disrupted ECM anabolic balance, which were partially alleviated by PTE treatment. PTE inhibited NF-κB pathway activation and prevented p65 nuclear translocation. In senile mouse, PTE treatment partially preserved IVD structural integrity. Immunohistochemistry showed PTE inhibited IL-1β expression, while immunofluorescence demonstrated increased aggrecan expression following PTE treatment. Conclusion: PTE delays IVDD progression through anti-inflammatory effects, specifically by inhibiting NF-κB pathway activation and reducing inflammatory factor expression. These findings suggest PTE could be a promising therapeutic agent for IVDD treatment.